Tech Guide
Maintenance Guides. Service repairs for Classic & modern cars. Manuals (registered users only).
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U engine
RegisteredTechnical Guides
U engine The U engine is a piston engine made up of two separate straight engines (complete with separate crankshafts) joined by gears or chains. It is similar to the H engine ...
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Understeer and oversteer
Technical Guides
Understeer and oversteer explained Understeer and oversteer are vehicle dynamics terms used to describe the sensitivity of a vehicle to steering. Simply put, oversteer is what ...
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Unit Injector (UI)
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Unit Injector Explained (UI) Unit Injector (UI) is an integrated direct fuel injection system for diesel engines, combining the injector nozzle and the injection pump in a single ...
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Universal Joint
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Universal Joint An universal joint is named after the style of coupler used to create the joint. Shafts involved are fitting with a "U" style of coupler that is connected by an ...
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Universal U Joint Replace
RegisteredTechnical Guides
How to Replace a Universal U Joint A universal joint (u-joint) is used to connect a vehicle's drive shaft to the differential on one side and the transmission on the other. Rear ...
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Unsprung weight (mass) explained
Technical Guides
Car Unsprung weight (mass) explained In a ground vehicle with a suspension, the unsprung weight (or the unsprung mass) is the mass of the suspension, wheels or tracks (as ...
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Use a Voltmeter check battery
RegisteredTechnical Guides
How to Use a Voltmeter to check battery condition A digital voltmeter can check and test electrical components such as a control relay or an ignition coil to help pinpoint a ...
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Using heat on stuck car Bolts
Technical Guides
Using heat on stuck car Bolts Using heat on seized up car bolts, the DIY solution. If all else fails to move a nut, bolt or screw, heating it up may help to release it. You can ...
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V10 engine
Technical Guides
V10 engine A V10 engine is a V engine with 10 cylinders in two banks of five, which produces a distinct exhaust note. Mechanics The V10 is essentially the result of mating two ...
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V12 engine
Technical Guides
V12 engine A V12 engine is a V engine with 12 cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of six cylinders, usually but not always at a 60° angle to each other, with all 12 ...
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V16 engine
Technical Guides
V16 engine A V16 engine is a V engine with 16 cylinders. Engines of this number of cylinders are uncommon in automotive use. A V16 engine is perfectly balanced regardless of the ...
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V2 (V-twin engine)
Technical Guides
V2 (V-twin engine) A V-twin engine is a two-cylinder internal combustion engine where the cylinders are arranged in a V configuration. History Gottlieb Daimler built a V-twin ...
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V24 engine
RegisteredTechnical Guides
V24 engine A V24 engine is a V engine with 24 cylinders, suitable only for very large trucks or locomotives. Unlike smaller V16 and V20 engines, very few V24s were originally ...
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V4 engine
RegisteredTechnical Guides
V4 engine A V4 engine is a V form engine with four cylinders and three main bearings. Automobile use The V4 engine has not been widely used in cars, with Lancia, Ford and ZAZ the ...
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V6 engine
RegisteredTechnical Guides
V6 Car engine A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a right angle or an acute angle to each ...
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V8 engine
RegisteredTechnical Guides
V8 engine A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes ...
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Vacuum fluorescent display
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Vacuum fluorescent display A vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) is a display device used commonly on consumer-electronics equipment . Invented in Japan in 1967, the displays became ...
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Vacuum gauge
Technical Guides
Vacuum gauge Why Vacuum or performance gauges are useful for seeing the condition of your engine. Vacuum or performance gauges give information about the condition of the ...
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Vacuum servo
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Vacuum servo A vacuum servo is a component used on motor vehicles in their braking system, to provide assistance to the driver by decreasing the braking effort. In the USA it is ...
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Valve (Poppet)
Technical Guides
Engine Poppet valve A poppet valve (also called mushroom valve) is a valve typically used to control the timing and quantity of gas or vapour flow into an engine. It consists of ...
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Valve Multi
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Engine Multi-valve History In automotive engineering a multi-valve or multivalve engine is one where each cylinder has more than two valves. A multi-valve engine has better ...
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Valve Needle
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Needle Valve A needle valve is a type of valve having a small port and a threaded, needle-shaped plunger. It allows precise regulation of flow, although it is generally only ...
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Valve stem types
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Wheel Valve stem types A valve stem is a self-contained valve which opens to admit gas to a chamber (such as air to inflate a tire), and is then automatically closed and kept ...
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Valve timing
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Engine Valve timing In a piston engine, the valve timing is the precise timing of the opening and closing of the valves. In four-stroke cycle engines and some two-stroke cycle ...
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Valve vacuum delay
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Vacuum delay valve A vacuum delay valve is a valve with a small orifice, which delays a vacuum signal. These are commonly used in automobiles to alter the behavior of vacuum ...
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Valve Variable lift
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Variable valve lift Variable valve lift is a technology which is increasingly used in automotive piston engines. It varies the height that a valve opens, in order to improve ...
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Valvetrain
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Engine Valve train A valve train or valvetrain is a device that controls the operation of the valves.,in which a sequence of components transmits motion throughout the assembly. ...
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vans
Registered
Van View all Vans in related items Below. A van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting goods or people. Depending on the type of van it can be bigger or smaller than a truck ...
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Variable valve timing (VVT)
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Engine Variable valve timing In internal combustion engines, Variable valve timing (VVT), also known as Variable valve actuation (VVA), is any mechanism or method that can alter ...
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Vauxhall ECU upgrades
RegisteredTechnical Guides
ECU Remapping for Vauxhall Guide to possible BHP and Torgue improvement, on Vauxhall cars with ECU remapping or upgrade. Model Variant Original BHP SRS II Tuning Performance ...
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Vauxhall Wheel Fitment Guide
Technical Guides
Vauxhall Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model Year PCD Offset Bore Astra 4 Stud 84 to 98 4×100 35 to 45 56.6 Astra 4 Stud 98 to 03 4×100 35 to 45 56.6 Astra 5 Stud 98 to ...
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Vee belts
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Vee belts Vee belts (also known as V-belt or wedge rope) solved the slippage and alignment problem. It is now the basic belt for power transmission. They provide the best ...
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Vehicle tracking system
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Vehicle tracking system A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purpose-designed computer software at ...
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Velocity stack
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Velocity stack explained A velocity stack is a trumpet-shaped device of differing lengths which is fitted to the air entry of an engine's intake system, carburetor or fuel ...
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Viscous Fan clutch
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Viscous Fan clutch A fan clutch is a thermostatic device that exists as an integral component of certain automotive cooling systems. Function When the engine is cool or even at ...
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Volkswagen V5 engine (1997-)
V5 engine The V5 engine is a V form engine with five cylinders. Volkswagen Volkswagen introduced the first V5 engine, though this engine is not a true twin-bank V engine, but ...
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Volkswagen VW ECU upgrades
Technical Guides
ECU Remapping for Volkswagen VW Guide to possible BHP and Torgue improvement, on Volkswagen VW cars with ECU remapping or upgrade. Model Variant Original BHP SRS II Tuning ...
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Volkswagen W8 engine (2001-2004)
Volkswagen W8 engine Overview Manufacturer Volkswagen Also called 4.0 W8 Production 2001-2004 Combustion chamber Configuration WR8 Displacement 3,999 cc (244.0 cu in) Cylinder ...
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Volkswagen Wheel Fitment Guide
Technical Guides
Volkswagen Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model P.C.D. ET Bore Volkswagen Bora 5 x 100 32...38 57 Volkswagen Caddy 4 x 100 32...38 57 Volkswagen Caravelle (upto 1990) 5 ...
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Voltmeter gauge how it works
RegisteredTechnical Guides
Voltmeter gauge Battery condition indicator The Voltmeter gauge or Battery condition indicator guide. While the ammeter indicates how rapidly electrical energy is flowing into or ...
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Volumetric Efficiency
Technical Guides
Volumetric Efficiency explained What is engine volumetric efficiency, we explain below. The volumetric efficiency and compression ratio are the most important factors in ...
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Volvo B18 B20 engine (1961-1968)
Volvo B18 B20 engine (1961 to 1968) This B18 was a straight-4 automobile engine produced by Volvo Cars from 1961 through 1968. The five-bearing, cam-in-block engine, had OHV ...
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Volvo B30 engine (1968-1975)
Registered
Volvo B30 engine (1968 to 1975) The B30 is a Straight-six engine with overhead valves, produced by Volvo starting in 1968 and used primarily in their 164 sedan from 1969 through ...
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Volvo B4B engine (1944-1962)
Registered
Volvo B4B engine Overview Manufacturer Volvo Personvagnar Production 1944-1962 Combustion chamber Displacement 1,414 cc (1.4 L; 86.3 cu in) 1,583 cc (1.6 L; 96.6 cu in) Cylinder ...
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Volvo B8444S engine (2005-2010)
Registered
Volvo B8444S engine Manufacturer Volvo Production 2005-2010 Displacement 4,414 cc (4.4 L;269.4 cu in) Cylinder bore 94.0 mm Piston stroke 79.5 mm Cylinder block alloy Aluminium ...
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