Motor Car Guide

Technical Guides

ABS Anti-Lock Brake Systems Anti Lock Brake ABS Operation and Description The antilock brake system or the ABS control unit helps to maintain control and directional stability of ...

ABS Controller Replace

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Technical Guides

How to Replace a car ABS Controller The ABS controller is responsible for limiting the brake line pressure to allow the tire or tires to start rotating at an equal rate as the ...

ABS Wheel Speed Sensor Replace

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Technical Guides

How to Replace an ABS Wheel Speed Sensor ABS Wheel Speed Sensor The ABS brake system of your car depends on a variety sensors and electronic devices to control and activate the ...

Active Power Stabilizer Suspension System

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Suspension & Steering

Technical Guides

Car Active Stabilizer Suspension System (APSSS) Active Power Stabilizer Suspension System (APSSS), also known as Active Power Stabilizer Suspension System, is an electric active ...

Aftercooler (Charge air cooler)

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Technical Guides

Charge air cooler explained A charge air cooler is used to cool engine air after it has passed through a turbocharger, but before it enters the engine. The idea is to return the ...

Aftermarket exhaust system

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Aftermarket exhaust system Aftermarket exhaust parts are intended to replace the factory fitted exhaust components of a car, motorcycle, or other motor vehicle in order to ...

Air compressor

Technical Guides

Tools Air Compressor Air Compressor How it works .Compressed air supply equipment explained, use and types for automotive use. Guide The compressor may be a screw, vane or ...

Air compressor hoses & airlines

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Technical Guides

Air compressor airlines and hoses The use of Air compressor airlines types and sizes. The main airlines must be free from air leaks and manufactured from galvanized iron. A ...

Air filter modern Replacement

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Technical Guides

Replace or upgrade your Car air filter Replacing your engine's air filter is a relatively simple repair that can be done in a few minutes with everyday tools in most cases. The ...

Air flow bench explained

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Technical Guides

How a Air flow bench works Typical Flow Bench schematic Used primarily for testing the intake and exhaust ports of cylinder heads of internal combustion engines. It is also used ...

Air flow meter

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Technical Guides

Air flow meter An air flow meter, is a device that measures air flow, i.e. how much air is flowing through a tube. It does not measure the volume of the air passing through the ...

Air hose length pressure drop Chart (1/4 in)

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Technical Guides

Air hose length pressure drop Chart (1/4 in) Air hose length pressure drop Chart 6.3 mm (1/4 in) bore . Pressure at regulator Length of hose ft - Working pressure at the spray ...

Air tool oilers

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Technical Guides

Air tool oilers An in-line lubrication unit (oil drip) may be fitted to outlets which will be used exclusively for pneumatic power sanders and tools. Lubricators must not be ...

Air tool Quick-release couplings

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Technical Guides

Quick-release couplings Air-powered Quick-release couplings allow a rapid interchange of air-powered equipment, blow guns and spray guns. A male connector is normally fitted to ...

Air-to-liquid intercooler

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Technical Guides

Air-to-liquid intercooler Air-to-liquid intercoolers (aka Charge-Air-Coolers) are heat exchangers that transfer intake charge heat to an intermediate fluid, usually water, which ...

Air–fuel ratio meter

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Air–fuel ratio meter An air–fuel ratio meter monitors the air–fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine. Also called air–fuel ratio gauge, air–fuel meter, or air–fuel gauge. It ...

Airbag Systems

Technical Guides

Car Airbag Systems explained An airbag is a vehicle safety device. It is an occupant restraint system consisting of a flexible fabric envelope or cushion designed to inflate ...

Alfa Romeo ECU upgrades

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Technical Guides

ECU Remapping for Alfa Romeo Guide to possible BHP and Torgue improvement, on Alfa Romeo cars with a ECU remapping or upgrade. Model Variant Original BHP SRS II Tuning ...

Alfa Romeo Flat 4 engine (1971–1997)

Engines

1970s

Alfa Romeo Flat-4 engine Overview Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 1971–1997 Combustion chamber Configuration DOHC 2/4-valve F4 Displacement 1,186 cc 1,286 cc 1,351 cc 1,490 cc ...

Alfa Romeo JTS engine (2002-)

Engines

2000s

Alfa Romeo JTS engine Overview Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 2002– Combustion chamber Configuration DOHC 4-valve I4, 60° V6 Displacement 1,859 cc (113.4 cu in) 1,970 cc ...

Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine (1954–1994)

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Engines

1950s

Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 1954–1994 Successor Alfa Romeo TwinSpark Configuration DOHC 2-valve I4 Displacement 1.3 L (1290 cc/78 in³) 1.6 L ...

Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine (1986–2009)

Engines

1980s

Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine (1986–2009)

Alfa Romeo Twin Spark engine Overview Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 1986–2009 Combustion chamber Configuration DOHC 2/4-valve I4 Fuel petrol Displacement 1.4 L 1.6 L 1.7 L ...

Alfa Romeo V6 engine (1979–2005)

Engines

1970s

Alfa Romeo V6 engine Overview Manufacturer Alfa Romeo Production 1979–2005 Combustion chamber Configuration V6 Displacement 2.0 L (1,997 cc (122 cu in)) 2.5 L (2,492 cc ...

Alfa Romeo Wheel PCD & Offsets

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Technical Guides

Alfa Romeo Wheel PCD & Offsets Alfa Romeo Cars Wheel measurement and sizes Model Year PCD Offset Bore 145 94 to 01 4×98 35 to 38 58.1 146 94 to 01 4×98 35 to 38 58.1 147 00 on ...

Alloy wheels

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Technical Guides

Car Alloy wheels Explained Alloy wheels are automobile (car, motorcycle and truck) wheels which are made from an alloy of aluminum or magnesium. They are typically lighter for ...

Alternator and Dynamo difference

Technical Guides

The difference between a dynamo and an alternator What is the difference between a dynamo and an alternator ? A dynamo is fitted to many early cars up to the 1980s on some models ...

Alternator bushes Replace

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Technical Guides

Replace Car alternator bushes Most alternators have brushes fitted into a plastic brush holder,held to the rear casing of the alternator by two or three screws or bolts. With a ...

Alternator How it works

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Technical Guides

Car Alternator How it works The alternator produces electricity used to maintain battery storage charge and to help run all the electrical accessories, including the ignition and ...

Alternator how to remove

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How to remove a Car Alternator The alternator is bolted to the side of the engine and is driven by the drive belt. Most alternators are quite easy to remove but on some ...

Alternator overhaul

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Motor car Guide to Classic Car alternator sevice & overhaul Replace Internal Brushes Except for the Lucas ACR series, most alternators with internal brushes are difficult to ...

Alternator Voltage check

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Car alternator Voltage check for faults A Simple guide for checking the cars alternator and voltage regulator for possible faults is an important task, especially more so for ...

AMC Engines (1954-1989)

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Engines

1950s

AMC engines 343 4-bbl V8 1967 marlin engine 1954–1956: 184 cu in (3.0 L) Nash I6 (Rambler) 196 cu in (3.2 L) Nash L head I6 (Rambler/AMC I6) 252 cu in (4.1 L) Nash I6 320 cu in ...

AMC straight-4 engine (1984-2002)

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Engines

1980s

AMC straight-4 engine From 1984 to 2002 Overview Manufacturer American Motors (1984-September 1987) Chrysler (September 1987-2002) Also called PowerTech Production 1984–2002 ...

AMC straight-6 engine (1952-)

Engines

1950s

AMC straight-6 engine American Motors' first straight-six engine was the 195.6 cu in (3.2 L). It was produced from 1952 through 1965 in both overhead valve (OHV) and flathead ...

AMC V8 engine (1954-)

Engines

1950s

AMC V8 engine American Motors Corporation (AMC) produced a series of widely used V8 engines from the mid-1950s before being absorbed into Chrysler in 1987. Chrysler kept the AMC ...

AMG ECU upgrades

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Technical Guides

ECU Remapping for AMG Guide to possible BHP and Torgue improvement, on AMG cars with ECU remapping or upgrade. © Motor Car History Model Variant Original BHP Tuning Performance C ...

Ammeter gauge how it works

Technical Guides

Ammeter gauge Should you fit an Ammeter gauge what can it do? The ammeter indicates how rapidly electrical energy is flowing into or out of the battery, and whether electrical ...

Anti Roll Bar

Suspension & Steering

Technical Guides

Car Anti Roll Bar (Sway bar) A sway bar or anti-roll bar or stabilizer bar is a part of an automobile suspension that helps reduce the body roll of a vehicle during fast ...

Anti-hijack system

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Technical Guides

Car Anti-hijack system An anti-hijack system is an electronic system fitted to motor vehicles to deter criminals from hijacking them. Although these types of systems are becoming ...

Antifreeze explained

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Car Antifreeze types explained An antifreeze is a chemical additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve ...

Aquaplaning (hydroplaning)

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Technical Guides

Car Aquaplaning (hydroplaning) Explained Aquaplaning or hydroplaning by the tires of a road vehicle, aircraft or roller coaster occurs when a layer of water builds between the ...

Aston Martin AJ37 V8 engine (2005-)

Aston Martin Engines

Engines

2000s

Aston Martin AJ37 4.3 4.7 5.0 V8 DOHC engine From 2005 on Aston Martin hand-assembles a special version of the AJ-V8 for the 2005 V8 Vantage known as AJ37. This unit displaced ...

Aston Martin Wheel Fitment Guide

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Technical Guides

Aston Martin Wheel Fitment Sizes Guide PCD & Offsets Model P.C.D. C.B. Aston Martin Lagonda 5 × 120.65 73.9 Aston Martin Vantage 5 × 154.95 71.4 Aston Martin Virage 5 × 120.65 ...

Atkinson cycle Engine